Nouns
Nouns الأسماء
Definition تعريفها
Nouns are words that indicateالأسماء كلمات تشير إلى
a person شخص
place مكان
or thing شئ
In a sentence, nouns can function وظيفة الأسماء في الجملة
as the subject تكون فاعل
or the object of a verb مفعول
or preposition حرف جر
Nouns can also follow linking verbs to rename or re-identify the subject of a sentence or clause; these are known as predicate nouns.الخبر هو اسم يعرف الفاعل ويوضح معناه في الجملة عن طريق الأفعال الرابطة
Note difference between sentence and clause الفرق بين الفقرة والجملة
Both clause and sentence are made up of a group of words that contain a subject and a predicate كلا من الجملة والفقرة يتكونان من مجموعة من الكلمات تحتوى علا فاعل وخبر
The main difference between clause and sentence is that a sentence always conveys an independent الفرق الرئيسي بين الجملة والفقرة هو أن الجملة ذات معنى تام وكامل
meaning whereas a clause does not always convey an independent meaning.أما الفقرة لا تعبر عن معنى تام أو كامل
The Subject
The subject in a sentence or clause is the person or thing doing, performing, or controlling the action of the verb.الفاعل في الجملة هو الشخص أو الشئ الذي يقوم بالفعل
For example: • “The dog chased its tail.” (The noun dog is performing the action of the verb chase.) • “Mary reads a book every week.” (The proper noun Mary is performing the action of the verb read.)
Objects المفعول به
Grammatical objects have three grammatical roles:
the direct object of a verb, the indirect object of a verb, or the object of a preposition.يوجد ثلاثة حالات للمفعول به المفعول به المباشر،المفعول به غير المباشر والمفعول به لحرف الجر
Direct objects
Direct objects are what receive the action of the verb in a sentence or clause.
For example: • “The dog chased its tail.” (The noun tail is receiving the action of the verb chase.) • “Mary reads a book every week.” (The noun book is receiving the action of the verb read.)
Indirect objects المفعول غير المباشر
An indirect object is the person or thing who receives the direct object of the verb.يوجد أفعال تحتاج إلى مفعولين ،مفعول به مباشر و مفعول به غير مباشر فالمفعول به غير المباشر هو حلقة الوصل بين الفعل والمفعول به المباشر الذي تم الفعل لأجله حيث يتلقى المفعول به المباشر الفعل ويقع عليه أما المفعول به غير المباشر هو الذي يتلقى المفعول به المباشر بإختصار المفعول به المباشر هو من وقع عليه الفعل أما المفعول به غير المباشر هو من تم لأجله الفعل
For instance: • “Please pass Jeremy the salt.” (The proper noun Jeremy is receiving the direct object salt, which receives the action of the verb pass.) •
“I sent the company an application for the job.” (The noun company is receiving the direct object application, which receives the action of the verb
Objects of prepositionsالمفعول الذي يأتي بعد حرف الجر
Nouns are also used after prepositions to create prepositional phrases. When a noun is part of a prepositional phrase, it is known as the object of the preposition.تستخدم الأسماء بعد حروف الجر لإنشاء وتكوين شبه الجملة وهذا التكوين يسمى بمفعول حرف الجر هذا الرابط يشرح بالتفصيل شبه الجملة
.https://zamgrammer.blogspot.com/2019/01/types-of-phrases.html
For example: • “Your backpack is under the table.” (The noun table is the object of the preposition
under, which creates the prepositional phrase under the table.) • “I am looking for work.” (The noun
work is the object of the preposition for, which creates the prepositional phrase for work.)
Predicate Nouns الخبر
Nouns that follow linking verbs are known as predicate nouns (sometimes known as predicative
nouns). These serve to rename or re-identify the subject. If the noun is accompanied by any direct
modifiers (such as articles, adjectives, or prepositional phrases), the entire noun phrase acts predicatively.الخبر هو اسم يعرف ويوضح الفاعل عن طريق الأفعال الرابطة ويكون الخبر أداة ،صفة أو شبه جملة
For example:
• “Love is a virtue.” (The noun phrase a virtue follows the linking verb is to rename the subject love.)
• “Tommy seems like a real bully.” (The noun phrase a real bully follows the linking verb seems to
rename the subject Tommy.) • “Maybe this is a blessing in disguise.” (The noun phrase a blessing in
disguise follows the linking verb is to rename the subject this.) Complements in the part of the guide
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