https://zamgrammer.blogspot.com/2020/10/tenses.htmlزمن الماضي البسيط,زمن الماضي المستمر,زمن الماضي التام
There are three tenses in English which have four aspects.
يوجد في اللغة الإنجليزية ثلاثة أزمنة لها أربع صيغ
Examples for regular verbs أمثلة عن الأفعال القياسية
- John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
- My father died last year.
- He lived in Fiji in 1976.
- We crossed the Channel yesterday.
Regular verb in English, the "usual" rule is to add "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb to create the past forms.الفعل القياسي في الإنجليزية يضاف له ed-d لأصل الفع
But there are a lot of irregular past tense forms in English. Here are the most common irregular verbs in English, with their past tense forms:لكن يوجد الكثير من الأفعال غير القياسية في زمن الماضي البسيط وهذه الأفعال هي الأكثرشيوعا في الإنجليزية
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Past progressive(continuous)الماضي المستمر
refers to a continuing action or state that was happening at some point in the past. يشير زمن الماضي المستمر إلى حدث أو حالة استمروا في الحدوث في الماضي
Examples
subject | auxiliary verb | main verb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | I | was | watching | TV. | |
+ | You | were | working | hard. | |
- | He, she, it | was | not | helping | Mary. |
- | We | were | not | joking. | |
? | Were | you | being | silly? | |
? | Were | they | playing | football? |
Past progressive key word:الكلمات الدالة على زمن الماضي المستمر
When,while,suddenly,as
Past perfect: The past perfect tense is for talking about something that happened before something else. زمن الماضي التام يستخدم للتعبير عن وقوع حدث قبل حدث آخر في الماضي
"had"
+ [past participle]
- I had jumped.
- I had met.
Forming the Past Participle (Regular Verbs)
If it's a regular verb, the past participle is the same as the simple past tense. In other إذا كان الفعل قياسي يكون التصريف الثالث للفعل مثل الفعل الماضي words, it is formed like this:
Add "ed" to most verbs:- jump > jumped
- paint > painted
- If the verb ends "e," just add "d": eنهاية الفعل
- thrive > thrived
- guzzle > guzzled
If the verb ends [consonant + "y"], change the "y" to an "i" and add "ed":إذا انتهى الفعل بصامت+y- cry > cried
- fry > fried
- If the verb ends "e," just add "d": eنهاية الفعل
- thrive > thrived
- guzzle > guzzled
If the verb ends [consonant + "y"], change the "y" to an "i" and add "ed":إذا انتهى الفعل بصامت+y- cry > cried
- fry > fried
Forming the Past Participle(التصريف الثالث) (Irregular Verbs)
(شكل الأفعال غير القياسية(الشاذة
- If it's an irregular verb, the past participle is formed in all sorts of different ways. Here are some examples:
- arise > arisen
- catch > caught
- choose > chosen
- know > known
- arise > arisen
- catch > caught
- choose > chosen
- know > known
Past perfect key word:الكلمات الدالة على زمن الماضي التام
Since,after,yet,already,ever,never
Past perfect continuous:زمن الماضي التام المستمر
shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using had been + the verb's present participle (root + -ing).يعبر زمن الماضي المستمر عن حدث بدأفي الماضي واستمرحدوثه لبعض الوقت في الماضي
Examples:
- They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
- She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
- How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
Past perfect continuous keywords:الكلمات الدالة عل زمن الماضي التام المستمر
when
Since
For
Till
Until
Before
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