Noun categories تصنيفات الاسم

 

Common and Proper Nouns

الأسماء النكرة والمعرفة 

 Nouns that identify general people, places, or things are called common nouns

تعبر الأسماء النكرةعن أسماء نكرة  وعامة سواء لأشخاص ,أماكن أو أشياء
Proper nouns, on the other hand, are used to identify an absolutely unique person, place, or thing, and they are signified by capital letters, no matter where they appear in a sentence. اما الأسماء المعرفة نعبر عن أسماء مميزةومحددة سواء لأاشخاص ,اماكن أو أشياء وتتميزبأنها تبدأ بحرف capital أينما جاءت في الجملة

COMMON NOUNS	PROPER NOUNS
“He sat on the chair.”	“Go find Jeff and tell him dinner is ready.”
“I live in a city.”	“I’ll have a Pepsi, please.”
“We met some people.”	“Prince William is adored by many.”

الأسماء المعرفة  Proper Nouns

 

 Names الأسماء

The most common proper nouns are names, as of people, places, or events.

 For example:

 • “Go find Jeff and tell him dinner is ready.” •

 “I lived in Cincinnati before I moved to New York.” •

 “My parents still talk about how great Woodstock was in 1969.”

 Brands العلامات التجارية

 Proper nouns are also used for commercial brands. In this case, the object that’s being referred to is not unique in itself, but the brand it belongs to is.تعتبر العلامات التجارية من الأسماء العلم أيضا حيث يكتسب الشئ تفرده وتميزه من هذه العلامة التجارية

 For example:

 • “Pass me the Hellmann’s mayonnaise.” •

 “I’ll have a Pepsi, please.” •

 “My new MacBook is incredibly fast.”

Appellations اللقب

 When a person has additional words added to his or her name (known as an appellation), this becomes part of the proper noun and is also capitalized. (Some linguists distinguish these as proper names, rather than proper nouns.) اللقب وهو كلمة تضاف إلى اسم الشخص ويصبح هذا اللقب جزء من الاسم    

 For example:

 • “Prince William is adored by many.”

 • “Italy was invaded by Attila the Hun in 452.”

 Job Titles and Familial Roles أسماء الوظائف وأفراد الأسرة

 Many times, a person may be referred to according to a professional title or familial role instead of by name. In this case, the title is being used as a noun of address and is considered a proper noun, even if it would be a common noun in other circumstances.في كثير من الأحيان يُعرف الشخص باسم وظيفته أو دوره العائلي بدلا من اسمه ويعتبر اسم علم ولكن في بعض الحالات الأخرى من الممكن أن هذا الاسم الوظيفي  أو الدور العائلي يكون اسم نكرة وسوف يتم شرح هذا بالتفصيل عند التطرق إلى الاسم النكرة

 For example:

 • “How are you doing, Coach?”

 • “I need your advice, Mr. President.”

 • "Mom, can you come with me to the playground?”

 • “Pleased to meet you, Doctor.”

Noun off address المنادى

Nouns of address (technically called vocatives, but also known as nominatives of address or nouns of direct address) identify the person or group being directly spoken to.they are used to let the listener or reader know who you are addressing, or to get that person’s attention.المنادى أو المخاطب المباشر ويستخدم في الجملة للفت الإنتباه ولجعل القارئ أو السامع يحدد من هو المخاطب ويعامل معاملة الاسم المعرفة من حيث علامات الترقيم التي سنتناولها لاحقا

https://zamgrammer.blogspot.com/2019/01/noun-cases.html?m=1

 For example: 

• “James, I need you to help me with the dishes.”

 • “Can I have some money, Mom?”

 • “This, class, is the video I was telling you about.” 

For example:

 • “James, I was wondering if you could help me with the dishes.”

 • “I was wondering, James, if you could help me with the dishes.”

 • “I was wondering if you could help me with the dshes

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